AM License: Complete Guide to Driving Mopeds and Personal Mobility Vehicles
The Class AM driver's license is the minimum administrative authorization required in Spain to operate mopeds up to 50 cc and personal mobility vehicles (PMVs). It is obtained from age 15, requires passing a 20-question theoretical exam and a practical skills test on a closed course, and also authorizes driving electric scooters, unicycles, and segways, although the latter are not considered motor vehicles.
Executive Summary
The AM license is the gateway to low-displacement motorized mobility in Spain. Obtaining it requires meeting age and psychophysical fitness requirements and passing two tests: a multiple-choice theoretical exam and a practical maneuvers test. This document provides an in-depth analysis of the regulatory framework, the obtaining process, the vehicles authorized, and the implications for drivers and road training professionals. An original four-phase preparation framework is presented, and the key differences between mopeds and PMVs are highlighted, as well as the relationship with other driver's licenses.
Introduction and Context: Why does the AM license exist and who is it for?
The Administration requires holding a license or permit that authorizes driving for individuals who have demonstrated they meet the necessary requirements and skills. In the case of mopeds, that document is the Class AM license, issued by the Provincial Traffic Headquarters. This license not only regulates the driving of two- or three-wheel mopeds and light quadricycles, but also extends to so-called personal mobility vehicles (PMVs), such as electric scooters, unicycles, and segways, which do not require registration or insurance because they are not considered motor vehicles.
The AM license is part of a broader system of license classifications. For a complete overview of all categories, we recommend consulting the guide on Types of Licenses and Classifications: Complete Guide for Drivers.
Problem: confusion between mopeds and PMVs and lack of clear information
Despite the existence of specific regulations, many drivers do not know exactly which vehicles they can drive with the AM license and what differences exist between a traditional moped and a PMV. This confusion creates doubts in exam preparation and in the practical application of the rules. Furthermore, the information available is sometimes fragmentary or outdated, making it difficult for applicants to understand the complete process and the requirements demanded.
Analysis: What vehicles can be driven with the AM license?
The AM license authorizes driving mopeds up to 50 cc, whether two- or three-wheeled, as well as light quadricycles. According to the Directorate General of Traffic (DGT), it also allows driving personal mobility vehicles (PMVs), such as electric scooters, electric unicycles, and segways, although these are not considered motor vehicles and do not require registration or insurance.
It is crucial to distinguish between both categories. Mopeds are motor vehicles with a maximum displacement of 50 cc and require registration, insurance, and a helmet. PMVs, on the other hand, are personal mobility devices that, according to the cited source, are not considered motor vehicles and therefore do not need registration or insurance. This distinction is fundamental to understanding the scope of the AM license and the associated obligations.
How is the AM license obtained? Requirements and step-by-step process
Obtaining the AM license requires meeting a series of requirements and passing several tests. The process begins with the application at the corresponding Provincial Traffic Headquarters.
Initial requirements
- Minimum age: be 15 years old. However, the AM license does not authorize carrying passengers until the holder turns 18.
- Psychophysical fitness: pass a psychotechnical test at an authorized medical examination center.
- Theoretical training: no formal training is required, but the theoretical exam must be passed.
Theoretical exam
The applicant must pass a test proposed by the Traffic Headquarters consisting of a minimum of 16 and a maximum of 30 questions. Currently, the number of questions is 20. This exam evaluates knowledge of traffic rules, signs, road safety, and basic mechanics.
Practical exam
Once the theoretical test is passed, a practical skills test is conducted on a closed course consisting of two linked maneuvers: maneuver B and then maneuver A.
Maneuver B: driving on a narrow lane
The applicant must perform, in first gear and at reduced speed, right and left turns alternately, weaving through five pylons, without leaving the marked area and without running over, displacing, or knocking down any pylon.
Maneuver A: zigzag between pylons at reduced speed
Starting from the initial position, the applicant will drive at reduced and uniform speed, in first gear, through a lane of limited width and length, without leaving it or losing balance. The lane will be delimited on both sides by any system that allows detecting an exit.
Before performing the maneuvers, the applicant must put on and adjust the helmet and, where applicable, protective clothing (gloves, boots, and other garments); perform random checks on the condition of the tires, brakes, steering system, emergency stop switch (if present), drive chain, oil level, headlights, reflectors, turn signals, and horn; remove the vehicle's stand and move it without engine assistance by walking alongside it while maintaining balance; start the engine and prepare to perform the maneuvers.
Once the maneuvers are completed, the applicant will leave the moped correctly parked, supported on its center or side stand and with the engine off.
Issuance and validity
After passing all tests, the license is issued, which must be carried whenever driving, shown to traffic officers upon request, and renewed periodically to avoid expiration.
What is the relationship between the AM license and other driver's licenses?
The AM license is an independent license, but it is related to other categories. For example, the Class B license also authorizes driving mopeds. For those interested in obtaining a car license, the guide on Class B License: Complete Guide to Obtaining and Using a Car and Van License offers detailed information. Likewise, for higher-displacement motorcycles, the A license is required, whose requirements are explained in Class A License: Requirements, Permitted Vehicles, and Everything You Need to Know for Motorcycles.
Proposed solution: a four-phase preparation framework
To optimize preparation for the AM license exam, a structured four-phase approach is proposed, based on official requirements and best practices in road training.
Phase 1: Verification of requirements and documentation
Before starting any procedure, the applicant must confirm they meet the minimum age (15 years) and have the necessary documentation. Early verification avoids unnecessary delays. In this phase, it is also advisable to request an appointment at the Provincial Traffic Headquarters and ensure the medical examination center is authorized.
Phase 2: Focused theoretical preparation
The theoretical exam consists of 20 questions. Preparation should focus on the official content: traffic rules, signs, road safety, and basic mechanics. Using updated materials and taking practice tests is suggested. Since the number of questions is limited, precision is key; it is not about memorizing, but about understanding the concepts.
Phase 3: Practical maneuver training
The practical test requires mastering fine motor skills and balance. Training should include performing maneuvers B and A on a closed course, preferably with an instructor. Maneuver B (alternating turns weaving through five pylons) and maneuver A (zigzag between pylons) require speed and line control. It is essential to practice the pre-vehicle check and correct parking, as they are part of the evaluation.
Phase 4: Simulation and anxiety management
Simulating the complete exam, including the verification sequence, maneuvers, and parking, helps reduce anxiety and consolidate learning. At least two complete simulations before the official exam are recommended.
This framework is original and derived from documented requirements, but it is presented as an organizational tool, not as an official method.
Implementation considerations: what should an applicant consider before enrolling?
Before enrolling in a driving school or taking the exam as a private candidate, the applicant should consider several factors. The choice between both options depends on the degree of autonomy and the availability of a vehicle for practice. Driving schools usually provide the moped and the course, which simplifies logistics but involves additional cost. On the other hand, taking the exam as a private candidate requires having a suitable moped and a space to practice, which can be a logistical challenge.
Another critical aspect is verifying the vehicle's condition before the exam. The DGT requires randomly checking elements such as tires, brakes, steering, chain, levels, lights, and indicators. Poor maintenance can cause failures in the practical test or, worse, accidents during it.
Furthermore, it is important to note that the AM license does not authorize carrying passengers until age 18. This restriction must be known by the holder to avoid sanctions.
Conclusion: keys to safe mastery of mopeds and PMVs
The AM license is an accessible license but demanding in terms of demonstrating practical skills. Understanding its scope, which includes both mopeds and personal mobility vehicles, is essential for safe and legal performance. The four-phase structured preparation proposed here can help applicants organize their study and training, but success ultimately depends on constant practice and respect for road safety rules. The distinction between mopeds and PMVs is not merely terminological: it implies different administrative and equipment obligations. Mastering these nuances makes the driver a more aware and responsible user.
References
- Directorate General of Traffic (DGT). Mopeds. Available at: www.dgt.es
- Directorate General of Traffic (DGT). Maneuvers for AM Moped licenses. Last updated: 06/11/2020. Available at: www.dgt.es
- Aixam-Mega. AM License: what types of vehicles can be driven? Available at: www.aixam-mega.com
Note: This article is based on the official information available in the cited sources and is for informational purposes. It does not replace direct consultation with the Provincial Traffic Headquarters.
